Pro Max 4K OTT

Delivery streaming reference

Definitions, mechanisms, examples and practical guidance for delivery concepts used in streaming and player setup.

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A focused reference

Delivery concepts.

HTTP

HTTP is an application protocol for requesting resources and receiving responses.

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HTTPS

HTTPS uses TLS to protect HTTP communication and authenticate the server named in the connection.

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Content delivery network

A content delivery network, or CDN, distributes resources through multiple delivery servers so that clients do not always fetch everything from one origin.

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Origin server

An origin server is the authoritative upstream source for a web resource within a delivery arrangement.

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Cache hit

A cache hit occurs when a cache can satisfy a request using an eligible stored response instead of obtaining the complete resource again from an upstream server.

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Cache invalidation

Cache invalidation is the process of removing a stored response or making it ineligible for immediate reuse after its underlying information changes.

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HTTP 401

HTTP 401 Unauthorized means the request lacks valid authentication credentials for the target resource.

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HTTP 403

HTTP 403 Forbidden means the server understood a request but refuses to fulfill it.

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HTTP 404

HTTP 404 Not Found means the server did not find a current representation for the requested resource, or is unwilling to disclose that one exists.

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HTTP 429

HTTP 429 Too Many Requests means a server considers the client's request rate excessive under its policy.

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HTTP 500

HTTP 500 Internal Server Error means the server encountered an unexpected condition that prevented it from fulfilling the request.

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HTTP 502

HTTP 502 Bad Gateway means a server acting as a gateway or proxy received an invalid response from an upstream server while handling the request.

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HTTP 503

HTTP 503 Service Unavailable means the server is currently unable to handle the request, commonly because of temporary overload or scheduled maintenance.

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HTTP 504

HTTP 504 Gateway Timeout means a server acting as a gateway or proxy did not receive a timely response from an upstream server needed to complete the request.

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Streaming manifest

A streaming manifest is a document that describes how a player can obtain and assemble a media presentation.

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HLS

HTTP Live Streaming, or HLS, is a media delivery format that uses playlists and separately addressable media segments retrieved over HTTP.

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Master playlist

An HLS master playlist describes alternative ways to play a presentation, such as video variants at different bitrates and groups of audio or subtitle renditions.

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Media segment

A media segment is a separately retrievable piece of a segmented presentation.

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Adaptive bitrate

Adaptive bitrate playback selects among multiple encoded representations of a presentation as network and playback conditions change.

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Progressive download

Progressive download delivers a media file while allowing playback to begin before the entire file has arrived.

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Byte-range request

A byte-range request asks an HTTP server for selected byte positions within a resource rather than its complete contents.

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HLS discontinuity

An HLS discontinuity marks a boundary where a player must account for a change in the media sequence instead of assuming an uninterrupted continuation.

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Initialization segment

An initialization segment supplies information a player needs to interpret associated media fragments.

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